Thursday, February 04, 2021

live and in person

I am going to lump two very different ideas into one post, an  important "pshat" Ibn Ezra and a mussar/derush idea:

1) Ibn Ezra back in parshas Bo notes the discrepancy between Moshe's prediction of the way makas bechoros would happen (11:5)  מִבְּכ֤וֹר פַּרְעֹה֙ הַיֹּשֵׁ֣ב עַל־כִּסְא֔וֹ עַ֚ד בְּכ֣וֹר הַשִּׁפְחָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר אַחַ֣ר הָרֵחָ֑יִםand the way the Torah describes the actual event  מִבְּכֹ֤ר פַּרְעֹה֙ הַיֹּשֵׁ֣ב עַל־כִּסְא֔וֹ עַ֚ד בְּכ֣וֹר הַשְּׁבִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּבֵ֣ית הַבּ֑וֹר and he sets out an important yesod:

וכבר אמרתי לך כי הנביאים אינם שומרים המלות רק הטעמים, כי מלת הגמאיני (בראשית כ״ד:י״ז) – השקיני (בראשית כ״ד:מ״ה), וזכור (שמות כ׳:ז׳) – ושמור (דברים ה׳:י״א), ושוא (שמות כ׳:י״ב) – ושקר (דברים ה׳:ט״ז), לא תחמוד (שמות כ׳:י״ג) – ולא תתאוה (דברים ה׳:י״ז) שוים בטעם. ועוד אדבר על זה בתפלת משה (ראב״ע שמות פירוש שני ל״ב:ט׳). והנה בכור השפחה הוא כמו: בכור השבי (שמות י״ב:כ״ט), כי השבויה שפחה היא, ואשר בבית הבור – בלילה כמנהג האסורים, כאשר הזכיר יוסף, כי שמו אותי בבור (בראשית מ׳:ט״ו), ובמקומו אפרשנו (ראב״ע שמות פירוש שני י״ב:כ״ט).

Nevi'im -- even Moshe Rabeinu -- don't quote, they paraphrase.  They privilege content over form, they can change a word here and there so long as the message remains the same.

All the differences between the dibros in our parsha and the dibros as Moshe repeated them in VaEschanan can be explained away with this one simple rule.  Don't quibble over zachor vs shamor, shav vs sheker, etc because it doesn't matter in the end, the dibros are the same dibros.  

Ibn Ezra repeats the same idea in our parsha and expands upon it (20:1):

והכלל,יז כל דבר שנוי, כמו: חלום פרעה (בראשית מ״א), ונבוכדנצר (דניאל ב׳), ואחרים רבים, תמצא מלות שונות, רק הטעם שוה.

וכאשר אמרתי לך שפעם אחזו דרך קצרה, ופעם ארוכה, כך יעשו פעמים להוסיף אות משרת, או לגרוע אותו, והדבר שוה. אמר השם: ותכלת וארגמן (שמות כ״ה:ד׳), ומשה אמר: תכלת וארגמן (שמות כ״ח:ו׳). אמר השם: אבני שהם (שמות כ״ה:ז׳), ומשה אמר: ואבני שהם (שמות ל״ה:ט׳). וכאלה רבים, ושניהם נכונים, כי הכתוב בלא ו״ויח אחז דרך קצרה, ולא יזיק, גם הכותב בוי״ו לא יזיק, בעבור שהוסיף לבאר. והנה הו״ו שהוא נראה במבטא הפה,יט אין אדם מבקש לו טעם למה נגרע, ולמה נכתב, או למה נוסף, ולמה נכתב, כי זה וזה נכון. והנה על הנראה שיבוטא בו לא יבקש לו טעם, אם כן למה נבקש טעם בנח הנעלם שלא יבוטא בו, כמו מלת: לעולם, למה נכתב מלא או למה נכתב חסר. והנה בני הדור יבקשו טעם גם למלא גם לחסר. ואילו היו מבקשים טעם לאחד מהם, שהמנהג היה לכתב הכל על דרך אחד, הייתי מחריש. הנה אתן לך משל: אמר לי אדם: כתוב לי כתב לרעי, וזה כתב: אני פלני אהבך לעלם.כ והנה כתבתי: פלני בלא ו״ו, ואהבך, גם כן לעלם. ובא ראובן ושאלני: למה כתבת חסר. ואני אין לי צורך לכתוב רק מה שאמר לי, ואין לי חפץ להיותם מלאים או חסרים. אולי יבא לוי ויודיעני איך אכתוב. ולא ארצה להאריך, רק המשכיל יבין

He gives a mashal: If Ploni asks you to write a letter expressing his enduring love for someone, the important thing is the content, not form, not whether you spell Ploni with or without a vav, malei or chaseir.  

I have a problem with this explanation of malei and chaseir.  Except for sefer Devarim, which has its own particularities, the rest of the Torah was dictated word for word by G-d to Moshe.  We are not reading Moshe's words, his paraphrase of G-d's message; we are reading G-d's words, right down to each letter.  Why should G-d be inconsistent, spelling the same word one way here and another way there?  Is spelling (malei/chaseir) just a matter of random choice with no rules?

2) VaYishma Yisro....  מה שמועה שמע ובא the gemara asks.  What did Yisro hear that caused him to come to join Klal Yisrael.  Rashi lumps together two of the gemara's answers: קריעת ים סוף ומלחמת עמלק.  

Why is the gemara/Rashi not satisfied with what the pasuk itself tells us that Yisro heard, namely, "Es kol asher asa Elokim l'Moshe ul'Yisrael amo ki hotzi Hashem es Yisrael miMitzrayim?"  And why does Rashi put together two different answers of the gemara, kri'as Yam Suf and milchemes Amalek, as if only both, not one or the other, motivated Yisro to come?

What was bothering Rashi was why Yisro needed to make the journey from Midyan to the camp of the Jewish people.  Couldn't he just have tuned into yeshivaworld, or if he was really low tech, maybe just open the Midyan Jewish Times to catch up on the latest?  Couldn't he have caught Moshe Rabeinu's shiur over Zoom, or listened to it on Torahanytime?  מה  שמועה שמע ובא -- why did he need to come, to be there in person?

We read in the shira last week, "Shamu amim yirgazun..."  The nations of the world heard about kri'as Yam Suf and they were afraid.  Amalek heard about kri'as Yam Suf too.  But the effect did not last; it did not take long until Amalek went on the attack.

Yisro put two and two together and realized that hearing about it is not enough; reading about it in the newspaper or on a website is not enough.  "Shamu amim yirgazun" has a very short lifespan, as we see from Amalek's behavior.  You have to be part of a community, a beis medrash, a shul, and personally experience Judaism as it is lived and breathed.  You have to speak with a Rav or a Rebbe in person, face to face, not just read his torah in a sefer or on a website or listen to a Zoom shiur with 100 other people.  (based on the Shinova's reading of Rashi)

The tragedy of Covid is not just that we were deprived of so many of these interactions over the past year.  Ones Rachmana patrei, sometimes you have to make due with the less than ideal.  The bigger tragedy is that what should be a bdieved has become the new normal. Rabbi Schoenfeld wrote in an article a few months ago that even when people were allowed to return to shul, they didn't, because they have internalized that shul is no longer necessary.  Can't I talk to G-d in my living room?  The bigger tragedy is that what started as concessions to the situation have now become institutionalized.  People are now writing articles and discussing how we can now reimagine davening forever after, how we can permanently shorten our tefilos on Yamim Noraim to make davening more tolerable, how Zoom has expanded the capacity to deliver shiurim like never before.   

מה שמועה שמע ובא  Showing up is more than half the battle.  You can't just host Judaism on a website; you can't communicate torah exclusively with a podcast.   We need to experience Torah live and in person.

4 comments:

  1. Yisro thought, 'at krias yam suf, Hashem's defeat of the enemy was "malei", complete; in the battle with Amalek, it was "chaseir" [deficient]. I must go and investigate this powerful god who apparently pulls his punches...'

    Yisro thought, 'Tziporah is chaseir without her husband, as are Gershon and Eliezer without their father; Moshe too is chaseir without his wife and children. the mishpachah together, that is malei...'

    and Yisro thought, 'if I offer an olah and zevachim here in Midyan, myself alone, chaseir; but with Moshe and the elders and the Israelite people, malei: be'rov am hadras Melech.'*


    *this third thought according to the opinion that the whole world was shaken by these events. in another opinion, Yisro wouldn't offer korbonos to Moshe's god based on hearsay, having discussed notions of testimony with his son-in-law over the years; he first needed to hear eyewitness accounts...

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    1. ("the whole world", malei; "hearsay", chaseir.)

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  2. that maybe why originally everyone went only to Moshe Rabbenu and not sub judges - to see Moshe Rabbenu

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  3. That ibn Ezra is a classic example of something that if said now would get you put in cheirem. But I've seen others say it as well. Still, it definitely counts as meenus according to the majority. Otherwise, what's with the kutzo shel yud? With the innumerable drashos based on otherwise trivial word or letter changes? And to just say shamor and zachor was his choice of words without explaining how that does not contradict the body of Torah she'baal peh built on that difference is just an insult to the reader.

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