Three observations/questions and then a thought from the Ne'os Desheh of Ishbitz to try to tie things together:
1) Ramban, who usually take a very conservative approach to using the principle of ain mukdam u'm'uchar baTorah (e.g. see the machlokes Ramban and Ibn Ezra at the beginning of P' Korach) and usually assumes events in the Torah are presented in chronological order, here argues that the count of Bnei Yisrael and the command of tzror es haMidyanim are NOT presented in order. First came the count, and later came the command of tzror es haMidyanim, the opposite of the order of the text. In fact, we know that Bnei Yisrael did not wage war with Midyan until later, as recorded in next week's parsha. Ramban writes (25:12):
ואחרי שנתן שכרו הטוב לצדיק, צוהו להפרע מן הרשעים, ואמר לו: צרור את המדינים (במדבר כ״ה:י״ז).
וצוהו שימנה העם תחלה, וזה טעם: ויהי אחרי המגפה (במדבר כ״ו:א׳), כי המנין יהיה תחלה.
He explains why: the Torah wanted to put together the onesh of Midyan with the schar of Pinchas and present it as one unit, even at the cost of inverting chronological order. (Torah is not a history book of what happened in the midbar. In a history book, the timeline of events is critical. What happened and when did it happen. In Torah, it is the moral message which is critical and everything else takes a back seat. )
The textual proof for Ramban's position is the words יהי אחרי המגפה that precede the count. Why do we need a statement telling us when this happened if events are in chronological order? It must be that things are not in fact in order, and so we need to be clued in to the timeline. (See Ibn Ezra, Netziv, who explain the phrase differently.)
2) כִּ֣י צֹרְרִ֥ים הֵם֙ לָכֶ֔ם בְּנִכְלֵיהֶ֛ם אֲשֶׁר־נִכְּל֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם עַל־דְּבַר־פְּע֑וֹר. Ibn Ezra translated בנכליהם – במחשבותם הרעה. Sounds strange -- Midyan committed a terrible crime, but that's not what the pasuk focusses on. Instead, the focus is on machshava, thinking.
3) כִּ֣י צֹרְרִ֥ים הֵם֙ לָכֶ֔ם - why tzoririm in the present tense when the episode already ended? See Netziv.
The Neos Desheh of Ishbitz has a fascinating explanation as to why sheivet Shimon in particular fell prey to the Bnos Midyan. When eishes Potifar tried to tempt Yosef, Yosef did not fall victim to sin because, as Chazal tell us, he saw dmus dyukno shel Aviv, a vision of his father. He felt that connection to his past, to his lineage, to his family, and they stopped him at the precipice to wrongdoing. In contrast, in Yaakov's blessing to Shimon, he said b'sodam al tavo nafshi; he distanced himself from Shimon. Shimon did not have that same emergency break of dmus d'yukno shel Aviv, that strong bond to his father, his lineage, that would prevent his fall.
The place in which the sin of znus occurred - Shittim - alludes to the fact that sin is rooted in shtus. It's nonsense. Midyon = dimyon, it's all appearances, smoke and mirrors that lead the imagination to run wild, but in reality there is nothing true and meaningful and lasting there. Yaakov was kulo emes, rooted in truth, the antithesis of Midyan.
Noam Elimelech writes: וגם בנידון דידן כל זמן שהיו אותם הרשעים המדינים בעולם, אז היו עדיין הרהורי עבירה דפעור שולטים בישראל לבלבל להם המחשבה, ולכך נצטוה משה רבינו ע"ה לנקום בהם נקמת ה'. וזהו "כי צוררים.. לכם" בהוה, פירוש עדיין הם צוררים לכם, ומפרש הכתוב במה "בנכליהם אשר נכלו לכם על דבר פעור", פירוש באותן המחשבות הרעות המתהוים לכם בדברכם במעשה דפעור "ועל דבר כזבי כו'", ולכך תבערו אותם מן הארץ
In light of the Ne'os Desheh, I would suggest along similar lines as the N.E. that it was not the sin itself, but it was the thought that if we can fall prey to such sin and such temptation, then we must not be connected to our forefathers, which lingered long after the sin and which the Torah here is addressing. It is the self-doubt and self-recrimination after the fact, the feeling of loss of hope and unworthiness, which was tzoririm, present tense -- it continued to eat away at the people and do more harm even than the sin itself.
The way to antagonize Midyan, tzror es haMidyanim, is to repair the gap of b'sodam al tavo nafshi. The physical war would come later, but first, one must undo the psychological damage to morale. The count of Bnei Yisrael reinforced the yichus of families and shevatim, reinforced the connection to our lineage, our connection to Yaakov. It showed that everyone counts, everyone is worthy, everyone has a connection. That's the reality; everything else is a dimyon. The hey and yud at the beginning/end of each family name, Hashem's stamp of approval, showed it to be true.
If this is correct, then the order of the pesukim fits perfectly. The count of Bnei Yisrael comes after tzror es haMidyanim because the count is the way in which we fulfill that command.
Right after the words וַיְהִ֖י אַחֲרֵ֣י הַמַּגֵּפָ֑ה, which appear after tzror es haMidyanim and at the start of the count, the Torah does a very unusual thing and puts in a parsha break right in the middle of the pasuk. Ohr haChaim comments:
עוד נראה לתת טעם שהתחיל הפרשה מאמצע הכתוב על פי דבריהם ז״ל (ילקוט) שאמרו וזה לשונם ויהי אחרי המגפה שאו את ראש וגו׳ זה הוא שאמר הכתוב אם אמרתי מטה רגלי וגו׳ בשעה שקבלו ישראל התורה נתקנאו אומות העולם וכו׳ אמר להם הקדוש ברוך הוא הביאו לי ספר יוחסין שלכם וכו׳ כשבאו לשטים קלקלו וכו׳ אמרו האומות העטרה שהיתה בידם בטלה שוים הם לנו זקפן ה׳ שנגף כל מי שנתקלקל והעמידן על טהרתם עד כאן, לפי זה יש טעם בהפסקה באמצע הפסוק להעיר שהמאמר קשור גם עם מה שלמעלה בענין רעות אשר גרמו מדין על דבר פעור ועל דבר כזבי וגו׳ וגם ויהי אחרי המגפה פירוש לשון צער, והוא מה שרמז בפסוק מטה רגלי שהיו אומות העולם מזלזלים בהם שניטלה העטרה שהיתה בידם, וזלזול זה לא נחלט מישראל כשנסתלקה המגפה מהם עד שמנאם ונמצאו כל אחד מכיר אבותיו עד השבט אז נשאו ראש, והוא אומרו ויהי לשון צער גם אחרי המגפה, ולזה ויאמר ה׳ וגו׳ שאו, ולא החליט להפסיק לעשותו פסוק בפני עצמו וערבו עם מה שלמטה ממנו לומר כי בשביל מה שרמוז בתיבת ויהי שהוא זלזול האומות הוא שאמר ה׳ שאו וגו׳.
The umos want to plant the thought in our brain that אמרו האומות העטרה שהיתה בידם בטלה שוים הם לנו, we are just like them and have no connection to a special history or a special destiny. The count proves them wrong.
Perhaps undoing this thought is necessary as well, as Ibn Ezra and Neziv understand וַיְהִ֖י אַחֲרֵ֣י הַמַּגֵּפָ֑ה , as a lead up to אחרי המגפה – בעבור שאמר השם: לאלה תחלק הארץ, yerushas ha'aretz. Our claim to Eretz Yisrael is based on the promise Hashem made to the Avos. If, as the umos claim, שוים הם לנו, then all bets are off. But we are different; our connection to the past proves them wrong.
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