One issue unique to Yom Kippur which falls on Shabbos is the question of whether a seriously ill person who must eat should recite kiddush. Most poskim opine that on a regular Yom Kippur one who is forced to east should not recite kiddush – kiddush recited over a cup of wine is a Rabbinic takkanah, and the Rabbis never instituted kiddush when most people are fasting. However, if Yom Kippur falls on Shabbos, R’ Akiva Eiger suggests that kiddush perhaps should be recited. While there was never a takanah of kiddush on Yom Kippur, there is a takanah to make kiddush every Shabbos, and perhaps that takanah is in force across the board on any day that has kedushas Shabbos.
The way I have heard this issue explained is that R’ Akiva Eiger seems to view the kedushas hayom of Shabbos as completely separate from that of Yom Kippur - the fact that the days coincide has no impact on their respective laws. One could make the counter-argument that when two days with different kedushos coincide the kedushos merge – there are not two separate coincidental kedushos, but a synthesis kedusha of Shabbos-Y’K, different from every Shabbos of the year and different from a regular Y”K. (Parenthetically, and a different discussion, the Rambam holds that Shabbos and Yom Tov are two separate kedushos but Shabbos and Y”K is kedusha achas, but I don’t want to get into the nafka minos of that now.) The fact that kiddush is recited when there is kedushas Shabbos is not a proof that kiddush should be recited when there is a synthesis kedusha, Shabbos-Y”K.
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Your counterargument is made by the Or Sameach (in hilchos avodas Yom haKippurim) who paskens against RAE. One of the OS's rayos is that the Rambam writes that on Shabbos-YK the kohen gadol brough the korban mussaf of shabbos, showing that the kedushas shabbos becomes part of the kedushas YK.
ReplyDeleteAnother issue that I saw was the question dealt with by the Tzemach Tzedek (I think) --- according to Reish Lakish that chatzi shiur is mutar min ha-Torah, why would we not be chayav to eat a kezayis on shabbos so we are not fasting (given the that shiur for achilah on YK is a koseves which is greater than a kezayis). The answer being that the kedushos of Shabbos and YK are together so there is no chiyuv achilah at all on YK shechal leyos be-shabbos.
I thought it was an O.S. but did not bother to look it up - thanks for the mareh makom. I seem to recall the kashe you ask from the Tzemach Tzedek being raised by the Chasam Sofer, but the odds of my having time to find it are slim. I will post if I do.
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